Its name is tied to "oil," but its role goes beyond a production company; an institution that emerged from a historic decision and became the beating heart of Iran's energy. Today, the National Iranian Oil Company is not only a major player in the oil and gas industry, but also one of the pillars of the economy and national authority.

The meeting between the Iranian Oil Minister and the Russian Energy Minister during the 19th Joint Commission for Iran-Russia Economic Cooperation was accompanied by three important developments in the energy sector; the finalization of the framework for importing Russian gas, an agreement to develop a joint field, and the start of construction of equipment for new phases of the nuclear power plant are a set of new signals for the future of the country's energy balance.

Abadan Petrochemical, as the first petrochemical complex in Iran, is facing a paradox between “oldness” and “efficiency” today, on the eve of its sixth decade of operation. This company, which was once a symbol of Iran’s industrial modernity, is now struggling with structural challenges in the production chain and a food supply crisis, despite its 14 percent share in the country’s PVC supply; a situation that has tied the survival of this strategic unit to ownership reform and infrastructure modernization.