If the Strait of Hormuz is closed, where will the oil pass? Petroline, Fujairah, or Ceyhan?

According to an exclusive report by Energy Press, the Strait of Hormuz is considered the world’s most vital energy transit route, with more than 20 million barrels of oil passing through it daily, equivalent to one-fifth of global exports. About 90 percent of the Gulf countries’ crude oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports are made through this route. For this reason, any disruption in this strategic waterway can quickly inflame the world’s energy market and push prices to unpredictable levels.
Petroline; Saudi Arabia’s strategic artery
To reduce the risk of dependence on Hormuz, Saudi Arabia launched the Petroline pipeline years ago, which transports oil from the east of the country to the port of Yanbu on the Red Sea. This pipeline, with a nominal capacity of 7 million barrels per day, is one of the most important strategic lines in the region, but it is exclusive to Saudi Arabia and cannot cover the exports of other countries.
Fujairah; UAE’s Effort to Bypass the Strait
The Habshan–Fujairah pipeline is an initiative by the UAE to access the Sea of ​​Oman without passing through the Strait of Hormuz. With a capacity of about 1.5 million barrels per day, this pipeline has isolated some of the UAE’s exports from the security risks of Hormuz, but its limited capacity does not allow it to become a regional alternative.
Ceyhan; Iraq’s Challenging Route
Iraq also delivers its northern oil to the port of Ceyhan in the Mediterranean Sea through the Kirkuk–Ceyhan pipeline. Despite the geopolitical importance of this route, political instability in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region has caused this pipeline to repeatedly be removed from the export circuit and lack long-term reliability.
Routed Countries; Qatar, Kuwait, and Even Iran
Qatar and Kuwait currently have no alternative route for their oil and gas exports, and all their exports depend on passing through the Strait of Hormuz. Despite extensive plans, Iran has not yet been able to build a pipeline to transport oil to Chabahar or other ports on the coast of the Sea of ​​Oman.